1. Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York;
2. Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, DMU CORREVE, FHU SEPSIS, Groupe de Recherche CARMAS, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
3. Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm U1018, Equipe d’Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, Centre d’Épidémiologie et de Santé des Populations, Villejuif, France;
4. Department of Medicine and
5. Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italia;
6. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;
7. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
8. Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York;
9. Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and
10. Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York;
11. Perfusion Services, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina;
12. Duke Respiratory Care Services, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina;
13. Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York;
14. Department of Surgery,
15. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine,
16. Department of Medicine,
17. Department of Physiology, and
18. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
19. Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University Health Network and Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
20. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center East, Nashville, Tennessee;
21. Sorbonne Université, GRC 30 RESPIRE, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Paris, France;
22. Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Pitié–Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and
23. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland