1. Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;
2. Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom;
3. Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;
4. Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
5. Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
6. Clinical Exercise and Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
7. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program and Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
8. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
9. G.F. MacDonald Centre for Lung Health, Covenant Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
10. Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
11. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada