Elevation-dependence of warming due to aerosol-induced snow darkening over the Himalayan-Tibetan region

Abstract

Abstract Temperature trends over the high-altitude mountains depict an increase with elevation during recent years. These stratified warming trends observed over the Himalayan-Tibetan (HT) regions are higher than the mean warming trends observed over low-elevation regions of South and East Asia, which is attributed to several factors including snow albedo feedback, clouds and water vapor feedback. In this study, we demonstrate the effects of deposition of absorbing aerosols like black carbon and dust on snow albedo and its implications for elevation-dependent warming (EDW). Though the aerosol concentration decreases with elevation, warming due to aerosol-induced snow darkening increases with elevation. Further, surface cooling due to the direct radiative effects (DRE) of aerosols is found to decrease with elevation, which also favors higher warming at high altitudes. The effects of both the deposition of absorbing aerosols on snow albedo and the surface cooling due to the DRE of atmospheric aerosols could strengthen EDW. This study clearly shows the potential of albedo feedback due to aerosol-cryosphere interaction as one of the physical mechanisms contributing to the observed EDW over the HT region.