Microalgae Application in Ruminants Feeds on The Production and Quality of Meat and Milk: A Review

Abstract

Abstract Research focusing on microalgal as an alternative source of protein and fat in ruminant feed shows a growing trend. Microalgae are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and carotene. Ruminants can digest the cell walls of microalgae, positively affecting their health, growth, metabolism, reproduction, production, and product quality. This paper introduces the latest review of microalgae on ruminant feed and its effect on performance, production, and quality of meat and milk. The results showed that using microalgae does not increase milk production in dairy cows but substitutes protein from corn and soybean meal. Microalgae improves the quality of meat and milk through the changes in fatty acid profiles associated with omega 3, especially DHA and PUFA, which benefit human health. However, some microalgae species reduce palatability, feed consumption, and weight gain. Feeding microalgae to livestock as a supplement or substitute protein for soybean meal protein or other ingredients requires considering the limiting factors of lipid concentration and the economic value of microalgae species.