Abstract
Abstract
The Hubble constant is one of the most important parameters in cosmology. Discrepancies
in values of the Hubble constant estimated from various measurements, the so-called Hubble
tension, are a serious problem. In this paper, we study the effects of small-scale
inhomogeneities of structure formation on the measurement of the Hubble constant using the
luminosity distance-redshift relation. By adopting the adhesion model in Newtonian cosmology as
the model of structure formation, we investigate whether or not the effects of inhomogeneities can
be sufficiently large to affect the current observations of the Hubble constant. We show that
inappropriate treatment of the effects of inhomogeneities can cause a large deviation of the
measured value of the Hubble constant from the background value, whose magnitude is comparable
with the Hubble tension. Our main message is the importance of adopting an appropriate model of
structure formation to investigate the effects of inhomogeneities. We also add discussion on the
spatial averaging approach used to estimate the measured Hubble constant in the
inhomogeneous universe.