Ethical considerations in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling

Abstract

Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis, the most widely used reproductive option in the world, refers to methods used to study the health of the fetus. One of the objectives is to detect congenital malformations during fetal development and allow for pregnancy termination. An ethical approach, based on respect for individuals and confidentiality, while avoiding harm and respecting autonomy, are the keys to optimal genetic counseling. Objective: To present some ethical considerations regarding medical genetics as a healthcare practice. To this end, discussion will be based on the fundamental principles of bioethics related to prenatal diagnosis and the genetic counseling process. Results: Ethical considerations in medical genetics are a relatively new topic influenced by the advancement of bioethics and the resolution of ethical and social dilemmas in medical practice. Conclusions: In the field of prenatal diagnosis, ethical, social, and legal conflicts that require careful resolution may arise. Physicians must adhere to bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence in their professional practice. These principles serve as fundamental norms for their conduct, providing a foundation for reasoning and guiding actions in the genetic counseling process.  Keywords: medical ethics; bioethics; prenatal diagnosis; genetic counseling