Dynamics and wall collision of inertial particles in a solid–liquid turbulent channel flow

Abstract

The dynamics and wall collision of inertial particles were investigated in non-isotropic turbulence of a horizontal liquid channel flow. The inertial particles were $125~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ glass beads at a volumetric concentration of 0.03 %. The bead-laden flow and the unladen base case had the same volumetric flow rates, with a shear Reynolds number, $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$, of the unladen flow equal to 410 based on the half-channel height and friction velocity. Lagrangian measurements of three-dimensional trajectories of both fluid tracers and glass beads were obtained using time-resolved particle tracking velocimetry based on the shake-the-box algorithm of Schanz et al. (Exp. Fluids, vol. 57, no. 5, 2016, pp. 1–27). The analysis showed that on average the near-wall glass beads decelerate in the streamwise direction, while farther away from the wall, the streamwise acceleration of the glass beads became positive. The ejection motions provided a local maximum streamwise acceleration above the buffer layer by transporting glass beads to high velocity layers and exposing them to a high drag force in the streamwise direction. Conversely, the sweep motion made the maximum contribution to the average streamwise deceleration of glass beads in the near-wall region. The wall-normal acceleration of the beads was positive in the vicinity of the wall, and it became negative farther from the wall. The investigation showed that the glass beads with sweeping motion had the maximum momentum, streamwise deceleration, and wall-normal acceleration among all the beads close to the wall and these values increased with increasing their trajectory angle. The investigation of the beads that collided with the wall showed that those with shallow impact angles (less than $1.5^{\circ }$) typically slide along the wall. The sliding beads had a small streamwise momentum exchange of ${\sim}5\,\%$ during these events. The duration of their sliding motion could be as much as five times the inner time scale of the unladen flow. The wall-normal velocity of these beads after sliding was greater than their wall-normal velocity before sliding, and was associated with the rotation induced lift force. Beads with impact angles greater than $1.5^{\circ }$ had shorter interaction times with the wall and smaller streamwise and wall-normal restitution ratios.