Long-term (180-Day) Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial
Author:
, Florescu Simin 1, Stanciu Delia1, Zaharia Mihaela 1, Kosa Alma1, Codreanu Daniel1, Kidwai Aneela1, Masood Sobia1, Kaye Callum1, Coutts Amanda1, MacKay Lynn1, Summers Charlotte1, Polgarova Petra 1, Farahi Neda1, Fox Eleonore1, McWilliam Stephen1, Hawcutt Daniel1, Rad Laura1, O’Malley Laura1, Whitbread Jennifer1, Jones Dawn1, Dore Rachael1, Saunderson Paula 1, Kelsall Olivia1, Cowley Nicholas1, Wild Laura1, Thrush Jessica1, Wood Hannah1, Austin Karen1, Bélteczki János1, Magyar István1, Fazekas Ágnes1, Kovács Sándor1, Szőke Viktória1, Donnelly Adrian1, Kelly Martin1, Smyth Naoise1, O’Kane Sinéad1, McClintock Declan1, Warnock Majella1, Campbell Ryan 1, McCallion Edmund1, Azaiz Amine1, Charron Cyril1, Godement Mathieu1, Geri Guillaume1, Vieillard-Baron Antoine1, Johnson Paul1, McKenna Shirley1, Hanley Joanne1, Currie Andrew1, Allen Barbara1, McGoldrick Clare 1, McMaster Moyra1, Mani Ashwin1, Mathew Meghena1, Kandeepan Revathi1, Vignesh C1, TV Bharath1, Ramakrishnan N1, James Augustian 1, Elvira Evangeline1, Jayakumar Devachandran1, Pratheema Ramachandran1, Babu Suresh1, Ebenezer R1, Krishnaoorthy S1, Ranganathan Lakshmi1, Ganesan Manisha1, Shree Madhu1, Guilder Eileen1, Butler Magdalena1, Cowdrey Keri-Anne1, Robertson Melissa1, Ali Farisha1, McMahon Ellie1, Duffy Eamon1, Chen Yan1, Simmonds Catherine1, McConnochie Rachael1, O’Connor Caroline1, El-Khawas Khaled1, Richardson Angus1, Hill Dianne1, Commons Robert1, Abdelkharim Hussam1, Saxena Manoj1, Muteithia Margaret1, Dobell-Brown Kelsey1, Jha Rajeev1, Kalogirou Michael1, Ellis Christine1, Krishnamurthy Vinodh1, O’Connor Aibhilin1, Thurairatnam Saranya1, Mukherjee Dipak1, Kaliappan Agilan1, Vertue Mark1, Nicholson Anne1, Riches Joanne1, Maloney Gracie1, Kittridge Lauren1, Solesbury Amanda1, Ramos Angelo1, Collins Daniel1, Brickell Kathy1, Reid Liadain1, Smyth Michelle1, Breen Patrick1, Spain Sandra1, Curley Gerard1, McEvoy Natalie1, Geoghegan Pierce1, Clarke Jennifer1, Silversides Jon1, McGuigan Peter1, Ward Kathryn1, O’Neill Aisling1, Finn Stephanie1, Wright Chris1, Green Jackie1, Collins Érin1, Knott Cameron1, Smith Julie1, Boschert Catherine1, Slieker Kitty1, Ewalds Esther1, Sanders Arnate1, Wittenberg Wendy1, Geurts Heidi1, Poojara Latesh1, Sara Treena1, Nand Kiran1, Reeve Brenda1, Dechert William1, Phillips Barbara 1, Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa Laura1, Affleck Julia1, Shaikh Arif1, Murray Andrew1, Ramanan Mahesh1, Frakking Thuy1, Pinnell Jez1, Robinson Matt 1, Gledhill Lisa1, Wood Tracy1, Sanghavi Ritesh1, Bhonagiri Deepak1, Ford Megan1, Parikh Harshel G.1, Avard Bronwyn1, Nourse Mary1, McDonald Bree1, Edmunds Natasha1, Hoiting Oscar1, Peters Marco1, Rengers Els1, Evers Mirjam1, Prinssen Anton1, Morgan Matt1, Cole Jade 1, Hill Helen1, Davies Michelle1, Williams Angharad 1, Thomas Emma1, Davies Rhys1, Wise Matt1, Grimm Patrick1, Soukup Jens1, Wetzold Richard1, Löbel Madlen1, Starke Lisa1, Lellouche Francois 1, Lizotte Patricia1, Declerq Pierre1, Antoine Marchalot 1, Stephanie Gelinotte1, Jean-Pierre Eraldi1, François Bourgerol 1, Marion Beuzelin 1, Philippe Rigaud1, Pourcine Franck1, Monchi Mehran1, Luis David1, Mercier Romain1, Sagnier Anne1, Verrier Nathalie1, Caplin Cecile1, Richecoeu Jack1, Combaux Daniele1, Siami Shidasp1, Aparicio Christelle1, Vautier Sarah1, Jeblaoui Asma1, Lemaire-Brunel Delphine1, D'Aragon Frédérick1, Carbonneau Elaine1, Leblond Julie1, Plantefeve Gaetan 1, Leparco Cécile1, Contou Damien1, Fartoukh Muriel1, Courtin Laura1, Labbe Vincent1, Voiriot Guillaume1, Salhi Sara1, Chassé Michaël1, Carrier François1, Boumahni Dounia 1, Benettaib Fatna1, Ghamraoui Ali1, Sement Arnaud1, Gachet Alexandre1, Hanisch Alexis1, Haffiane Abdelmagid1, Boivin Anne-Hélène1, Barreau Amelie1, Guerineau Elodie1, Poupblanc Séverine1, Egreteau Pierre1, Lefevre Montaine1, Bocher Simon1, Le Loup Guillaume1, Le Guen Lenaïg1, Carn Vanessa1, Bertel Melanie1, Antcliffe David1, Templeton Maie 1, Rojo Roceld1, Coghlan Phoebe1, Smee Joanna 1, Barker Gareth1, Finn André1, Kreb Gabriele1, Hoff Uwe1, Hinrichs Carl1, Nee Jens1, Mackay Euan 1, Cort Jon1, Whileman Amanda1, Spencer Thomas1, Spittle Nick1, Beavis Sarah1, Padmakumar Anand1, Dale Katie1, Hawes Joanne1, Moakes Emma1, Gascoyne Rachel 1, Pritchard Kelly1, Stevenson Lesley1, Cooke Justin1, Nemeth-Roszpopa Karolina1, Gauli Basanta1, Bastola Sirjana1, Muller Grégoire1, Nay Mai-Anh1, Kamel Toufik1, Benzekri Dalila1, Jacquier Sophie1, Runge Isabelle1, Mathonnet Armelle1, Barbier François1, Bretagnol Anne1, Carter Jay1, Van Der Heyden Kymbalee1, Mehrtens Jan1, Morris Anna1, Morgan Stacey1, Burke Tara1, Mercier Emmanuelle1, Chartier Delphine1, Salmon Charlotte1, Dequin Pierre-François1, Garot Denis1, Bellemare David1, Cloutier Ève 1, Daher Rana 1, Costerousse Olivier1, Boulanger Marie-Claude1, Couillard-Chénard Émilie1, Lauzier François1, Francoeur Charles1, Francois Bruno1, Gay Alexandra1, Anne-Laure Fedou1, Ramali Mohamed1, HC Ooi1, Ghosh Alison1, Osagie Rawlings1, Arachchige Malka1, Hartley Melissa1, Cheung Winston1, Wong Helen1, Seigne Patrick1, Eustace Joe1, O'Callaghan Ann-Marie1, O'Brien Fionnuala1, Bamford Peter1, Reid Andrew1, Cawley Kathryn1, Faulkner Maria1, Pickering Charlotte1, Raj Ashok 1, Tsinaslanidis Georgios1, Khade Reena 1, Agha Gloria1, Sekiwala Rose1, Smith Tim1, Brewer Chris1, Gregory Jane1, Limb James1, Cowton Amanda1, O’Brien Julie1, Postlethwaite Kelly1, Malakouti Salim1, Music Edvin1, Ricketts Dan1, King Andrew1, Clermont Gilles1, Bart Robert1, Mayr Florian1, Schoenling Andrew1, Andreae Mark1, Shetty Varun1, Brant Emily1, Malley Brian1, Donadee Chenell1, Sackrowitz Rachel1, Weissman Alexandra1, Yealy Donald1, Barton David1, Talia Nadine1, Nikitas Nikitas1, Wells Colin1, Lankester Liana1, McMillan Helen1, van den Oever Huub1, Kruisdijk-Gerritsen Arriette1, Haidar Ghady 1, Bain William1, Barbash Ian1, Fitzpatrick Meghan1, Franz Christopher1, Kitsios Georgios1, Moghbeli Kaveh1, Rosborough Brian1, Shah Faraaz1, Suber Tomeka1, Pulletz Mark1, Williams Patricia1, Birch Jenny1, Wiseman Sophie1, Horton Sarah1, Alegria Ana1, Turki Salah1, Elsefi Tarek1, Crisp Nikki1, Allen Louise1, Truman Nicholas1, Smith Matthew1, Chukkambotla Sri1, Goddard Wendy1, Duberley Stephen1, Khan Meherunnisa1, Kazi Aayesha1, Simpson Joanna1, Duke Graeme1, Chan Peter1, Carter Brittney1, Hunter Stephanie1, Voigt Ingo1, Schueler Robert1, Blank Elisabeth1, Hüning Vanessa1, Steffen Melanie1, Goralski Patricia1, Litton Ed1, Regli Adrian1, Pellicano Susan1, Palermo Annamaria1, Eroglu Ege1, Bihari Shailesh1, Laver Russell D.1, Jin Xia1, Brown Julia1, McIntyre Joanne1, French Craig1, Bates Samantha1, Towns Miriam1, Yang Yang1, McGain Forbes1, McCullagh Iain1, Cairns Tom1, Hanson Helen1, Patel Bijal1, Clement Ian1, Evetts George1, Touma Omar 1, Holland Susan1, Hodge Christopher1, Taylor Holly1, Alderman Meera1, Barnes Nicky1, Da Rocha Joana1, Smith Catherine1, Brooks Nicole1, Weerasinghe Thanuja1, Sinclair Julie-Ann1, Abusamra Yousuf1, Doherty Ronan1, Cudlipp Joanna 1, Singh Rajeev1, Yu Haili1, Daebis Admad 1, Ng Christopher1, Kendrick Sara 1, Saran Anita1, Makky Ahmed 1, Greener Danni1, Rowe-Leete Louise1, Edwards Alexandra1, Bland Yvonne1, Dolman Rozzie1, Foster Tracy1, Laffey John1, McNicholas Bairbre1, Scully Michael1, Casey Siobhan 1, Kernan Maeve1, Brennan Aoife1, Rangan Ritika1, Tully Riona1, Corbett Sarah1, McCarthy Aine 1, Duffy Oscar1, Burke David1, Linnett Vanessa1, Sanderson Amanda1, Ritzema Jenny1, Wild Helen1, Lucas Rachael1, Marriott Yvonne1, Andric Zdravko1, Cviljevic Sabina1, Br Renata1, Zapalac Marija1, Mirković Gordan1, Khare Divya1, Pinder Meredith1, Gopinath Amitha 1, Kannan Thogulava1, Dean Steven1, Vanmali Piyush1, Depuydt Pieter1, De Waele Jan1, De Bus Liesbet1, Fierens Jan1, Bracke Stephanie1, Vermassen Joris1, Vermeiren Daisy1, Pugh Richard1, Lean Richard1, Qiu Xinyi1, Scanlan Jeremy1, Evans Andrew1, Davies Gwyneth1, Lewis Joanne1, Plesnikova Yvonna1, Khoud Ahmed1, Coetzee Samantha1, Puxty Kathryn1, Cathcart Susanne1, Rimmer Dominic1, Bagot Catherine1, Scott Kathryn1, Martin Laila1, Yusuff Hakeem1, Isgro Graziella1, Brightling Chris1, Bourne Michelle1, Craner Michelle1, Boyles Rebecca1, Alexander Brian1, Roberts Tracey1, Nelli Apoorva1, Rosenstein-Sisson Rachel1, Speyer Rebecca1, Pech Yadira1, McCullough James1, Tallott Mandy1, Vazquez-Grande Gloria1, Marten Nicole1, Liu Theresa1, Siddiqui Atif1, Khanal Sushil1, Amatya Sameena1, Szakmany Tamas 1, Cherian Shiney1, Williams Gemma1, James Christie1, Waters Abby1, Prout Rachel1, Stedman Roger1, Davies Louisa1, Pegler Suzannah1, Kyeremeh Lynsey1, Moorhouse Louise1, Arbane Gill1, Marotti Marina1, Bociek Aneta1, Campos Sara1, van Nieuwkoop Kees1, Ottens Thomas1, Visser Yorik1, van den Berg Lettie 1, van der Kraan-Donker Annemarie1, Brett Stephen1, Arias Sonia 1, Hall Rebecca1, Paneru Hem1, Koirala Sabin1, Paudel Pratibha1, Wilson Maggie1, Vaara Suvi1, Pettilä Leena1, Heinonen Jonna1, Pettilä Ville1, Jain Susan1, Gupta Abhinav1, Holbrook Catherine 1, Antoine Pierre1, Meziani Ferhat1, Allam Hayat1, Cattelan Jessy1, Clere-Jehl Raphael1, Helms Julie1, Kummerlen Christine1, Merdji Hamid1, Monnier Alexandra1, Rahmani Hassene1, Studer Antoine1, Schneider Francis1, Castelain Vincent1, Morel Guillaume1, L’Hotellier Sylvie1, Ochin Evelina1, Vanjak Christian1, Rouge Patrick1, Bendjemar Lynda1, Albert Martin1, Serri Karim1, Cavayas Alexandros1, Duplaix Mathilde1, Williams Virginie1, Catorze Nuno José Teodoro Amaro dos Santos1, Pereira Tiago Nuno Alfaro Lima1, Ferreira Ricardo Manuel Castro1, Bastos Joana Margarida Pereira Sousa1, Batista Teresa Margarida Oliveira1, Badie Julio1, Berdaguer Fernando1, Malfroy Sylvain1, Mezher Chaouki1, Bourgoin Charlotte1, Moneger Guy1, Bouvier Elodie1, Muñoz-Bermúdez Rosana1, Marin-Corral Judith1, Degracia Anna1, Gómez Francisco1, López Maria1, Aceto Romina1, Aghemo Alessio1, Badalamenti Salvatore1, Brunetta Enrico1, Cecconi Maurizio1, Ciccarelli Michele1, Constantini Elena1, Greco Massimiliano1, Folci Marco1, Selmi Carlo1, Voza Antonio1, Henning 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Flint Neil1, Nicholson Sarah1, Southin Sara1, Nicholson Andrew1, Ghattaoraya Amardeep1, Harding Daniel1, O’Halloran Sinead1, Collins Amy1, Smith Emma1, Trues Estefania1, Borgatta Barbara1, Turner-Bone Ian1, Reddy Amie1, Wilding Laura1, Wilson Craig1, Surti Zuhra1, Aneman Anders1, Miller Jennene1, White Hayden1, Estensen Kristen1, Morrison Lynette1, Sutton Joanne1, Cooper Melanie1, Warnapura Loku1, Agno Ronan1, Sathianathan Prasannakumari 1, Shaw Deborah1, Ijaz Nazia1, Spong Adam1, Sabaretnam Suganya1, Burns Dean1, Lang Eva1, Tate Margaret1, Fischer Roy1, Biradar Vishwanath1, Soar Natalie1, Golden David1, Davey Miriam1, Seaman Rebecca1, Osborne Alexander1, Bannard-Smith Jonathan1, Clark Richard1, Birchall Kathrine1, Henry Joanne1, Pomeroy Fiona1, Quayle Rachael1, Wylie Katharine1, Sukuraman Anila1, John Maya1, Sibin Sindhu1, Leditschke Anne1, Finnis Mackenzie1, Jongebloed Katherine1, Khwaja Kosar1, Campisi Josie1, van Vonderen Marit1, Pietersma Mario1, Vrolijk Loes1, Kampschreur Linda1, van Gulik Laura1, Makowski Arystarch1, Misztal Beata1, Haider Syeda1, Liao Angela1, Squires Rebecca1, Oborska Aneta1, Kayani Abdul1, Kalchko-Veyssal Selver1, Prabakaran Rajalakshmi1, Hadebe Bernard1, KalchkoVeyssal Selver1, Williams Tony1, Song Rima1, Morpeth Susan1, Lai Vivian1, Habraken Hannah1, Stewart Richard1, Mwaura Esther1, Mew Louise1, Wren Lynn1, Willams Felicity1, Sutherland Sara-Beth1, Rebello Rashmi1, Shehabi Yahya1, Al-Bassam Wisam1, Hulley Amanda1, Kadam Umesh1, Sathianathan Kushaharan1, Innes Richard1, Doble Patricia1, Graham Libby1, Shovelton Charmaine1, Dean Tessa1, Salahuddin Nawal1, Aryal Diptesh1, Koirala Kanchan1, Rai Namrata1, Luitel Subekshya1, Seppelt Ian1, Whitehead Christina1, Lowrey Julie1, Gresham Rebecca1, Masters Kristy1, Hamlyn Vincent1, Hawkins Nancy1, Roynon-Reed Anna1, Cutler Sean1, Lewis Sarah1, Lazaro Juan1, Newman Tabitha1, Aravindan Latha1, Asghar Adeeba1, Bartholomew Jazz1, Bayne Madeleine1, Beddows Seonaid1, Birch Catherine1, Brend Morwenna1, Byrne Rahim1, Campbell Debbie1, Campbell Hilary1, Chambers Emma1, Clinton Alison1, Collins Joanne1, Crawshaw Sarah1, Dawson Laura Ann1, Donaldson Kate1, Drake Chelsea1, Dyas Sarah1, Ellis Yvette1, Gilmour Kate1, Goodwin Jayne1, Halden Sandra1, Hall Alistair S1, Hanson Jane1, Harper Heather1, Harrison Susan1, Hayes Amber1, Hodgson Helen1, Hurford Sally-Anne1, Jackson Shane1, Levett Chris1, Lock Stephen1, Lockett Teresa1, Logan Meg1, Lomme Kaatje1, Luo Ji1, Marsh Emma1, McKenna Sonia1, Mguni Nhlanhla1, Monaghan Holly1, Murphy Sheenagh1, Muzengi Natasha1, Naz Mobeena1, O'Kell Eleanor1, Oliver Anne1, O'Reilly Joanna1, Pearson Karen1, Porter David1, Potter Alison1, Rook Clare1, Rounds Charles1, Sheffield Jonathan1, Shirley Kim1, Siewersk Chris1, Skinner Tabitha1, Speight Holly1, Sutu Mihaela1, Unsworth Adam1, Van’t Hoff William1, Walker Susan1, Williams Hannah1, Williams Penny1, Williamson Dawn1, Williamson James D1, Duan Erick1, Tsang Jennifer1, Patterson Lisa1, Austin Pauline1, Chapman Susan1, Cabrelli Louise1, Fletcher Simon1, Nortje Jurgens1, Fottrell-Gould Deirdre1, Randell Georgina1, Stammers Katie1, Healey Gail1, Pinto Marta1, Borrill Zoe1, Duncan Tracy1, Ustianowski Andrew1, Uriel Alison1, Eltayeb Ayaa1, Alfonso Jordan1, Hey Samuel1, Shaw Joanne1, Fox Claire1, Lindergard Gabriella1, Charles Bethan1, Blackledge Bethany1, Connolly Karen1, Harris Jade1, Cuesta Jeronimo1, Xavier Kugan1, Purohit Dharam1, Elhassan Munzir1, Haldeos Anne1, Vincent Rachel1, Abdelrazik Marwa1, Jenkins Samuel1, Ganesan Arunkumar1, Kumar Rohit1, Carter David1, Bakthavatsalam Dhanalakshmi1, Frater Alasdair1, Saleem Malik1, Everitt Robert1, Hacking Danielle1, Zaman Mohsin1, Elmahi Einas1, Jones Andrea1, Hall Kathryn1, Phillips Matt1, Terrill Lenae1, Mills Gary1, Raithatha Ajay1, Bauchmuller Kris1, Ryalls Kim1, Harrington Kate1, Bowler Helen1, Sall Jas1, Bourne Richard1, Gross Jamie1, Massey Natalie1, Adebambo Olumide1, Long Matilda1, Tony Kiran1, Juffermans Nicole1, Koopmans Matty1, Dujardin 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William1, Spencer Stephen1, White Alison1, Howie Lucy1, Reay Michael1, Jenkins Steve1, Watts Angela1, Traverse Eleanor1, Jennings Stacey1, Anumakonda Vikram1, Tuckwell Caroline1, Harrow Kath1, Matthews Julie1, McGarry Karen1, Moore Vanessa1, Smith Lucie1, Summerfield Anna1, Dark Paul1, Harvey Alice1, Doonan Reece1, McMorrow Liam1, Knowles Karen1, Pendlebury Jessica1, Lee Stephanie1, Perez Jane1, Marsden Tracy1, Taylor Melanie1, Michael Angiy 1, Collis Matthew1, Claxton Andrew1, Habeichi Wadih1, Horner Dan1, Slaughter Melanie1, Thomas Vicky1, Proudfoot Nicola1, Keatley Claire1, Donnison Phil1, Casey Ruth1, Irving Ben1, Matimba-Mupaya Wadzanai1, Reed Catherine1, Anthony Alpha1, Trim Fiona1, Cambalova Lenka1, Robertson Debra1, Wilson Anna1, Hulme Jonathan1, Kannan Santhana1, Kinney Fiona1, Senya Ho1, Hayes Anne1, Ratnam Valli1, Gill Mandy1, Kirk Jill1, Shelton Sarah1, Schweikert Sacha1, Wibrow Bradley1, Anstey Matthew1, Rauniyar Rashmi1, Khoso Nasir1, Asif Namra1, Taqdees Huda1, Frey Christian1, Scano Riccardo1, McKee Madeleine1, Murphy Peter1, Thomas Matt1, Worner Ruth1, Faulkner Beverley1, Gendall Emma1, Hayes Kati1, Blakemore Hayley1, Borislavova Borislava1, Deshpande Kush1, van Haren Frank1, Konecny Pam1, Inskip Deborah1, Tung Raymond1, Hayes Leanne1, Murphy Lorna1, Neill Andy1, Reidy Bryan1, O’Dwyer Michael1, Ryan Donal1, Ainscough Kate1, Hamilton-Davies Colin1, Chan Carmen1, Mfuko Celina1, Abbass Hakam1, Mandadapu Vineela1, Leaver Susannah1, Patel Kamal1, Farnell-Ward Sarah1, Saluzzio Romina1, Rawlins Sam1, Sicat Christine1, De Keulenaer Bart1, Ferrier Janet1, Fysh Ed1, Davda Ashish1, Mevavala Bhaumik1, Cook Deborah1, Clarke Frances1, Banach Dorota1, Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz Ziortza 1, Cabreros Leilani1, Latham Victoria1, Kruisselbrink Rebecca1, Brochard Laurent1, Burns Karen1, Sandhu Gyan1, Khalid Imrana1, White Ian1, Croft Maria1, Holland Nicky1, Pereira Rita1, Nair Priya1, Buscher Hergen1, Reynolds Claire1, Newman Sally1, Santamaria John1, Barbazza 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Rebecca1, Miezitis Sydney1, McIntyre Lauralyn1, Brady Kara1, Vale Cassandra1, Shekar Kiran1, Lavana Jayshree1, Parmar Dinesh1, Peake Sandra1, Kurenda Catherine1, Hormis Anil1, Walker Rachel1, Collier Dawn1, Kimpton Sarah1, Oakley Susan1, Bhagani Sanjay1, De Neef Mark1, Garcia Sara1, Maharajh Amitaa 1, Nandani Aarti1, Dobson Jade1, Fernando Gloria1, Eastgate Christine1, Gomez Keith1, Abdi Zakee1, Tatham Kate1, Jhanji Shaman1, Black Ethel1, Dela Rosa Arnold1, Howle Ryan1, Baikady Ravishankar1, Tully Redmond1, Drummond Andrew1, Dearden Joy1, Philbin Jennifer1, Munt Sheila1, Gopal Shameer1, Pooni Jagtar- Singh1, Ganguly Saibal1, Smallwood Andrew1, Metherell Stella1, Naeem Anas1, Fagan Laura1, Ryan Emily1, Mariappa Vasanth1, Smith Judith1, Foulds Angela1, Revill Adam1, Bhattarai Binita1, de Jonge Evert1, Wigbers Jeanette1, del Prado Michael1, Cremer Olaf1, Mulier Jelle1, Peters Anna1, Romberg Birgit1, Schutgens Roger1, Troeman Darren1, van Opdorp Marjolein1, Besten Henny1, Brakké Karen1, Barber Russell1, Hilldrith Anette1, Kluge Stefan1, Nierhaus Axel1, Jarczak Dominik1, Roedl Kevin1, Kochanek Matthias1, Rueß-Paterno Giusi1, Mc-Kenzie Josette1, Eichenauer Dennis1, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen Alexander1, Wilcox Elizabeth1, del Sorbo Lorenzo1, Abdelhady Hesham1, Romagnuolo Tina1, Simpson Scott1, Maiden Matthew1, Horton Michelle1, Trickey Jemma1, Krajinovic Vladimir1, Kutleša Marko1, Kotarski Viktor1, Brohi Farooq1, Jagannathan Vijay1, Clark Michele1, Purvis Sarah1, Wetherill Bill1, Brajković Ana1, Babel Jakša1, Sever Helena1, Dragija Lidija1, Kušan Ira1, Dushianthan Ahilanandan 1, Cusack Rebecca1, de Courcy-Golder Kim1, Salmon Karen1, Burnish Rachel1, Smith Simon1, Jackson Susan1, Ruiz Winningtom 1, Duke Zoe1, Johns Magaret 1, Male Michelle1, Gladas Kirsty1, Virdee Satwinder 1, Swabe Jacqueline1, Tomlinson Helen1, Rohde Gernot1, Grünewaldt Achim1, Bojunga Jörg1, Petros Sirak1, Kunz Kevin1, Schütze Bianka1, Weismann Dirk1, Frey Anna1, Drayss Maria1, Goebeler M.E.1, Flor Thomas1, Fragner Gertrud1, Wahl Nadine1, Totzke Juliane1, Sayehli Cyrus1, Hakak Sheeba1, Altaf Wahid1, O'Sullivan Mike1, Murphy Aisling1, Walsh Leo1, Rega La Valle Antonio1, Bewley Jeremy1, Sweet Katie1, Grimmer Lisa1, Johnson Rebekah1, Wyatt Rachel1, Morgan Karen1, Varghese Siby1, Willis Joanna1, Stratton Emma1, Kyle Laura1, Putensen Daniel1, Drury Kay1, Skorko Agnieszka1, Bremmer Pamela1, Ward Geraldine1, Bassford Christopher1, Sligl Wendy1, Baig Nadia1, Rewa Oleksa1, Bagshaw Sean1, Basile Kim1, Stavor Dara1, Burbee Dylan1, McNamara Amanda1, Wunderley Renee1, Bensen Nicole1, Richardson Aaron1, Adams Peter1, Vita Tina1, Buhay Megan1, Scholl Denise1, Gilliam Matthew1, Winters James1, Doherty Kaleigh1, Berryman Emily1, Ghaffari Mehrdad1, Marroquin Oscar1, Quinn Kevin1, Garrard William1, Kalchthaler Kyle1, Beard Gregory1, Skrtich Aimee1, Bagavathy Kavitha1, Drapola Debra1, Bryan-Morris Kayla1, Arnold John1, Reynolds Bob1, Hussain Mahwish1, Dunsavage Janice1, Saiyed Salim1, Hernandez Erik1, Goldman John1, Brown Cynthia1, Comp Susan1, Raczek James1, Morris Jenny1, Vargas Jr. Jesus1, Weiss Daniel1, Hensley Joseph1, Kochert Erik1, Wnuk Chris1, Nemeth Christopher1, Mowery Brent1, Hutchinson Christina1, Winters Lauren1, McAdams David1, Walker Gena1, Minnier Tami1, Wisniewski Mary1, Mayak Katelyn1, McCreary Erin1, Martin Elise1, Bariola Ryan1, Viehman Alex1, Daley Jessica1, Lopus Alyssa1, Schmidhofer Mark1, Ambrosino Richard1, Keen Sherbrina 1, Toffalo Sue1, Stambaugh Martha1, Trimmer Ken1, Perri Reno1, Casali Sherry1, Medva Rebecca1, Massar Brent1, Beyerl Ashley1, Burkey Jason1, Keeler Sheryl1, Lowery Maryalyce1, Oncea Lynne1, Daugherty Jason1, Sevilla Chanthou1, Woelke Amy1, Dice Julie1, Weber Lisa1, Roth Jason1, Ferringer Cindy1, Beer Deborah1, Fesz Jessica1, Carpio Lillian1, Colin Gwenhael1, Zinzoni Vanessa1, Maquigneau Natacha1, Henri-Lagarrigue Matthieu1, Pouplet Caroline1, Reill Lorenz1, Distler Michael1, Maselli Astrid1, Martynoga Robert1, Trask Kara1, Butler Amelia1, Attwood Ben1, Parsons Penny1, Campbell Bridget1, Smith Alex1, Page Valerie1, Zhao Xiao1, Oza Deepali1, Abrahamson Gail1, Sheath Ben1, Ellis Chiara1, Young Paul1, Young Chelsea1, Lesona Eden1, Navarra Leanlove1, Cruz Raulle1, Delaney Kirsha1, Cruz Rhoze1, Aguilar-Dano April1, Gojanovic Marlene1, Rhodes Jonathan1, Anderson Thomas1, Morris Sheila1, Nayyar Vineet1, Bowen David1, Kong Jing1, Joy Jenyfer1, Fuchs Ralph1, Lambert Bridget1, Tai Charlotte1, Thomas Amy1, Keen Alexandra1, Tierney Carey1, Omer Nimca1, Bacon Gina1, Tridente Ascanio1, Shuker Karen1, Anders Jeanette1, Greer Sandra1, Scott Paula1, Millington Amy1, Buchanan Philip1, Kirk Jodie1, Binnie Alexandra1, Powell Elizabeth1, McMillan Alexandra1, Luk Tracy1, Aref Noah1, Denmade Craig1, Sadera Girendra 1, Jacob Reni1, Jones Cathy1, Hughes Debbie1, Sterba Martin1, Geng Wenli1, Digby Stephen1, Southern David1, Reddy Harsha1, Hulse Sarah1, Campbell Andrew1, Garton Mark1, Watkins Claire1, Smuts Sara1, Quinn Alison1, Simpson Benjamin1, McMillan Catherine1, Finch Cheryl1, Hill Claire1, Cooper Josh1, Budd Joanna1, Small Charlotte1, O’Leary Ryan1, Birch Janine1, Collins Emma1, Holland Andrew1, Alexander Peter1, Felton Tim1, Ferguson Susan1, Sellers Katharine1, Ward Luke1, Yates David1, Birkinshaw Isobel1, Kell Kay1, Scott Zoe1, Pearson Harriet1, Hashmi Madiha1, Ali Maryam1, Hassan Noor1, Panjwani Ashok1, Umrani Zulfiqar1, Shaikh Mohiuddin1, Siddiqui Ayesha1, Ain Quratul1, Kanwal Darakhshan1, van Bree Sjoerd1, Bouw-Ruiter Marianne1, Osinga Margreet1, van Zanten Arthur1, McEldrew Rebecca1, Rashan Sumayyah1, Singh Vanessa1, Azergui Nora1, Bari Sara1, Beltran Mercedes1, Brugman Curt1, Groeneveld Erika1, Jafarzadeh Mina1, Keijzer-Timmers Nicole1, Kester Esmee1, Koelink Maaike1, Kwakkenbos-Craanen Marion1, Okundaye Clementina1, Parker Lorraine1, Peters Svenja1, Post Sophie1, Rietveld Ilse1, Scheepstra-Beukers Irma1, Schreuder Gerwin1, Smit Albertine1, Brillinger Nicole1, Markgraf René1, Eichinger Fred1, Doran Peter1, Anjum Aisha 1, Best-Lane Janis1, Barton Frances1, Miller Lorna1, Peters Sam1, Richards-Belle Alvin1, Saull Michelle1, Sprinckmoller Stefan1, Wiley Daisy1, Darnell Robert1, Au Carly1, Lindstrum Kelsey1, Cheng Allen1, Forbes Andrew1, Heritier Stephane1, Trapani Tony1, Cuthbertson Brian1, Manoharan Venika1, Dondrop Arjen1, Jayakumar Deva1, Tolppa Timo1, Ehrmann Stephan1, Hullegie Sebastiaan1, Povoa Pedro1, Beasley Richard1, Daneman Nick1, Fowler Robert1, McGloughlin Steve1, Paterson David1, Venkatesh Bala1, de Jong Menno1, Uyeki Tim1, Baillie Kenneth1, Hashmi Madhia1, Netea Mihai1, Orr Katrina1, Patanwala Asad1, Tong Steve1, Cooper Nichola1, Galea James1, Leavis Helen1, Ogungbenro Kayode1, Patawala Asad1, Rademaker Emma1, Tong Steven1, Youngstein Taryn1, Carrier Marc1, Fergusson Dean1, Hunt Beverley1, Kumar Anand1, Laffan Mike1, Lother Sylvain1, Middeldorp Saskia1, Stanworth Simon1, de Man Angelique1, Masse Marie-Helene1, Abraham Jacinta1, Arnold Donald1, Begin Phillipe1, Charlewood Richard1, Chasse Michael1, Cooper Jamie1, Coyne Mark1, Daly James1, Gosbell Iain1, Harvala-Simmonds Heli1, MacLennan Sheila1, McDyer John1, Menon David1, Pridee Nicole1, Roberts David1, Thomas Helen1, Tinmouth Alan1, Triulzi Darrell1, Walsh Tim1, Wood Erica1, Calfee Carolyn1, O’Kane Cecilia1, Shyamsundar Murali1, Sinha Pratik1, Thompson Taylor1, Young Ian1, Burrell Aidan1, Ferguson Niall1, Hodgson Carol1, Orford Neil1, Phua Jason1, Baron Rebecca1, Epelman Slava 1, Frankfurter Claudia 1, Gommans Frank 1, Kim Edy1, Leaf David 1, Vaduganathan Muthiah1, van Kimmenade Roland1, Sanil Ashish1, van Beurden Marloes1, Effelaar Evelien1, Schotsman Joost1, Boyd Craig1, Harland Cain1, Shearer Audrey1, Wren Jess1, Clermont Giles1, Ricketts Daniel1, Attanayaka Udara1, Darshana Sri1, Ishani Pramodya1, Udayanga Ishara 1, Higgins Alisa M.2, Berry Lindsay R.3, Lorenzi Elizabeth3, Murthy Srinivas4, McQuilten Zoe25, Mouncey Paul R.6, Al-Beidh Farah7, Annane Djillali89, Arabi Yaseen M.10, Beane Abi11, van Bentum-Puijk Wilma12, Bhimani Zahra13, Bonten Marc J. 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Affiliation:
1. Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators 2. Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3. Berry Consultants, Austin, Texas 4. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 5. Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 6. Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom 7. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 8. Hospital Raymond Poincaré (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Garches, France 9. Université Versailles SQY – Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France 10. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 11. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 12. University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 13. St Michael’s Hospital Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 14. University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 15. Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany 16. Global Coalition for Adaptive Research 17. Yong Loo Lin Scholle of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 18. NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, United Kingdom 19. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 20. Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 21. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 22. University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 23. University of Oxford, Bangkok, Thailand 24. National Intensive Care Surveillance (NICST), Colombo, Sri Lanka 25. Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ), Wellington, New Zealand 26. UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 27. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 28. Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada 29. Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland 30. Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland 31. Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand 32. University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 33. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 34. Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia 35. Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia 36. St Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan 37. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil 38. King’s College London, London, United Kingdom 39. Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom 40. Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada 41. CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada 42. Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 43. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 44. Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 45. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom 46. St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
Abstract
ImportanceThe longer-term effects of therapies for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of multiple interventions for critically ill adults with COVID-19 on longer-term outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPrespecified secondary analysis of an ongoing adaptive platform trial (REMAP-CAP) testing interventions within multiple therapeutic domains in which 4869 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 were enrolled between March 9, 2020, and June 22, 2021, from 197 sites in 14 countries. The final 180-day follow-up was completed on March 2, 2022.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive 1 or more interventions within 6 treatment domains: immune modulators (n = 2274), convalescent plasma (n = 2011), antiplatelet therapy (n = 1557), anticoagulation (n = 1033), antivirals (n = 726), and corticosteroids (n = 401).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was survival through day 180, analyzed using a bayesian piecewise exponential model. A hazard ratio (HR) less than 1 represented improved survival (superiority), while an HR greater than 1 represented worsened survival (harm); futility was represented by a relative improvement less than 20% in outcome, shown by an HR greater than 0.83.ResultsAmong 4869 randomized patients (mean age, 59.3 years; 1537 [32.1%] women), 4107 (84.3%) had known vital status and 2590 (63.1%) were alive at day 180. IL-6 receptor antagonists had a greater than 99.9% probability of improving 6-month survival (adjusted HR, 0.74 [95% credible interval {CrI}, 0.61-0.90]) and antiplatelet agents had a 95% probability of improving 6-month survival (adjusted HR, 0.85 [95% CrI, 0.71-1.03]) compared with the control, while the probability of trial-defined statistical futility (HR >0.83) was high for therapeutic anticoagulation (99.9%; HR, 1.13 [95% CrI, 0.93-1.42]), convalescent plasma (99.2%; HR, 0.99 [95% CrI, 0.86-1.14]), and lopinavir-ritonavir (96.6%; HR, 1.06 [95% CrI, 0.82-1.38]) and the probabilities of harm from hydroxychloroquine (96.9%; HR, 1.51 [95% CrI, 0.98-2.29]) and the combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine (96.8%; HR, 1.61 [95% CrI, 0.97-2.67]) were high. The corticosteroid domain was stopped early prior to reaching a predefined statistical trigger; there was a 57.1% to 61.6% probability of improving 6-month survival across varying hydrocortisone dosing strategies.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong critically ill patients with COVID-19 randomized to receive 1 or more therapeutic interventions, treatment with an IL-6 receptor antagonist had a greater than 99.9% probability of improved 180-day mortality compared with patients randomized to the control, and treatment with an antiplatelet had a 95.0% probability of improved 180-day mortality compared with patients randomized to the control. Overall, when considered with previously reported short-term results, the findings indicate that initial in-hospital treatment effects were consistent for most therapies through 6 months.
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Cited by
55 articles.
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