1. From the Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan (ESE and HI); the Faculty of Medicine, Menia University, Menia, Egypt (ESE); the Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (KY); the Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan (YK); the Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japa