Biochemical composition of goat milk depending on the season of the year

Abstract

Relevance. Goat milk is a valuable product in human nutrition. However, the diversity of biologically active compounds in its composition is subject to the influence of a variety of factors, including seasonal climatic changes.Materials and methods. Analysis of the biochemical parameters of goat milk was performed using the MilkoScan 7/Fossomatic 7 DC analytical system (Denmark) and MilkoScan 7, a spectrophotometer based on Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out in the «Microsoft Excel» program using the Data Analysis package. The significance of differences between seasons was assessed using the critical values of Student's t-test.Research results. Significant differences were established between True Protein in June 3.06 ± 0.07% (p ≥ 0.01), August 3.17 ± 0.12% (p ≥ 0.05) relative to October 4.37 ± 0.15%. Total Protein in April 2.92 ± 0.05% (p ≥ 0.01), June 3.28 ± 0.06% (p ≥ 0.001), August 3.37 ± 0.11% (p ≥ 0.01) relative to October 4.44 ± 0.14%. SOMO in April 8.17 ± 0.10% (p ≥ 0.05), June 8.42 ± 0.10% (p ≥ 0.001), August 8.39 ± 0.16% (p ≥ 0.001) relative to October 9.75 ± 0.14%. Caseins in April 2.21 ± 0.06% (p ≥ 0.01), June 2.51 ± 0.06% (p ≥ 0.001), August 2.56 ± 0.09% (p ≥ 0.001) relative to October 3.55 ± 0.12%. Seasonal changes most often occur in the composition of milk proteins: the mass fraction of true and total protein, caseins.