Deriving rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves and testing the best distribution using EasyFit software 5.5 for Kut city, Iraq

Abstract

Abstract The intensity of rainfall can be considered as an essential factor in designing and operating hydraulic structures. The intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curve is used for designing hydraulic projects such as drainage networks, road culverts, bridges, and many other hydraulic structures. In the field of water resources engineering, IDF curve is dependent widely on the plan, designing, and operating the project. Additionally, it can be used for different flood engineering structures. The purpose of this research is to get the frequency of the intensity of rain duration for Al KUTcity, Iraq, and find curves. Three essential techniques of frequency analysis (Gumbel distribution, lognormal, and log Pearson Type III) were depended to formulate this relationship based on data of rainfall intensity during the period between 1992 and 2019. Distribution methods involving lognormal, Gumbel, and log Pearson Type III were applied by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) for short periods of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 12, and 24 h with 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years return periods. The results showed that rainfall intensity reduced as the duration of the storm increased, and if the return period of the rainfall was large, rainfall of any specific duration showed a higher intensity. Using EasyFit 5.5 software, for all durations, the lognormal probability distribution showed the best fit for the data group and estimated intensities of precipitation for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. According to the obtained results, one can notice that the intensity of rainfall increased with the increment in return periods, but decreased with the increment in duration. The resulting IDF models could be used to improve accuracy and results.