Hexagonal transverse-coupled-cavity VCSEL redefining the high-speed lasers

Abstract

Abstract Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a vital approach for realizing energy-efficient and high-speed optical interconnects in the data centers and supercomputers. Indeed, VCSELs are the most suitable mass production lasers in terms of cost-effectiveness and reliability. However, there are still key challenges that prevent achieving modulation speeds beyond 30s GHz. Here, we propose a novel VCSEL design of a hexagonal transverse-coupled-cavity adiabatically coupled through a central cavity. Following this scheme, we show a prototype demonstrating a 3-dB roll-off modulation bandwidth of 45 GHz, which is five times greater than a conventional VCSEL fabricated on the same epiwafer structure. This design harnesses the Vernier effect to increase the laser’s aperture and therefore is capable of maintaining single-mode operation of the laser for high injection currents, hence extending the dynamic roll-off point and offering increases power output. Simultaneously, extending both the laser modulation speed and output power for this heavily deployed class of lasers opens up new opportunities and fields of use ranging from data-comm to sensing, automotive, and photonic artificial intelligence systems.