1. Department of Infectious Agents, St Louis-Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, IAME UMR1137, University of Paris Nord, Paris, France;
2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, UMR 1141 Center for the Developing Brain, Paris Biobank BB-0033-00064, Platform of Biopathology and Innovative Technologies for Health, University of Paris Nord, Paris, France;
3. Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands;
4. Clinical Research Unit Fernand Widal University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris Nord, Paris, France;
5. Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital APHP, University of Paris Nord, Paris, France;
6. Microbiology Laboratory, Robert Debré University Hospital, IAME UMR1137- University of Paris Nord, Paris, France;
7. National Reference Center for Pneumococci, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France