1. Department of Hotel, Restaurant and Catering Services, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
2. Department of Hotel, Restaurant and Catering Services, Istanbul Ayvansaray University, Istanbul, Turkey ;
3. Sheffield University Management School, Sheffield, UK
4. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
5. Tourism Faculty, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey