1. Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development and Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
2. New Taipei Municipal Yonghe Junior High School, New Taipei City, Taiwan
3. Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development, Chinese Language and Technology Center, and Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, Higher Education Sprout Project, Ministry of Education (MOE), National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
4. Department of Child Care and Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
5. Graduate Research in the School of Education, Curtin University, Perth, Australia