1. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
2. Educational Technology Department, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3. Department of Information Science, Faculty of Arts & Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4. Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia