1. Allen, J. (1987).Natural language understanding. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.
2. Anderson, J. R., Boyle, C. F., Corbett, A. A. & Lewis, M. W. (1990). Cognitive modeling and intelligent tutoring.Artificial Intelligence 42: 7?49.
3. ARPA (1993).Proceedings of the fifth message understanding conference (MUC-5). San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.
4. Bailin, A. (in press). AI and language learning: Theory and evaluations, in V. M. Holland, J. Kaplan & M. Sams, eds.,Intelligent language tutors: Theory shaping technology. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. Bailin, A. (1991).The CALICO Journal: Special Issue on Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Instruction 9(4).