1. AISI/CARS 2002, GAS (Geometric analysis of sections) (2002), American Iron and Steel Institute.
2. Akasaka, T. and Yoshida, H., Zairyo oyobi kozo gijutsusha no tameno jitsuyo enerugiho (2000), Youkendou.
3. CARS Automotive Steel Design Manual Revision 6.1 (2002), pp. 3.1-2, American Iron and Steel Institute.
4. Chwalla, E., Beitrag zur Stabilitatstheorie des Stegbleches vollwandiger Trager, Der Stahlbau (1936), pp. 161 - 166 (in German).
5. Furusu, K., Tsurumi, Y., Nakagawa, T. and Takagi, J., Section property of the beam considering elastic buckling -Study of effective width theory for beam section composed of thin plate-, Proceedings of 14th Design & Systems Conference '04 of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, No. 04-38 (2004), pp. 344-347 (in Japanese).