A Literature Review on Motivational Strategies to Elevate Engagement, Effective Communication, and Productivity in English as a Second Language (ESL) Classrooms

Abstract

Introduction: English as a Second Language (ESL) proficiency has become vital for global communication and essential in education. On the other hand, motivation, defined as the internal drive to engage with enthusiasm, plays a pivotal role in language acquisition. However, motivating ESL learners is a critical challenge for educators, as English is recognized as an international language with broad applications. Therefore, understanding the importance of motivation is crucial in ESL contexts. Objective: The objective of this review is to examine motivational strategies in ESL classrooms and underscore their significance in enhancing students’ enthusiasm, participation, language development, and overall success, with a specific focus on providing ESL educators with valuable tools and insights for effective implementation. Methodology: This review follows a methodical approach including literature search and data extraction. Twenty articles published between 1975 and 2022 were reviewed, which focused on motivation strategies in ESL classrooms. Results: Motivation in ESL classrooms can be categorized as internal or external: instrumental or integrative. Effective motivation strategies include setting clear goals, employing the incentive theory, using awards and rewards, role-plays, integrating technology, and activity-based methods. Additionally, creating a positive classroom climate and offering real-life language experiences also contribute to motivation. Conclusion: Motivation is crucial for ESL learners’ success; therefore, it is recommended that educators adopt innovative teaching approaches and deepen their understanding of motivation to inspire students, contributing to enhanced language proficiency.