Ideal Osmotic Spaces for Chlorobionts or Cyanobionts Are Differentially Realized by Lichenized Fungi

Author:

Kosugi Makiko1,Shizuma Ryoko1,Moriyama Yufu1,Koike Hiroyuki1,Fukunaga Yuko1,Takeuchi Akihisa2,Uesugi Kentaro2,Suzuki Yoshio2,Imura Satoshi3,Kudoh Sakae3,Miyazawa Atsuo1,Kashino Yasuhiro1,Satoh Kazuhiko1

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678–1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);

2. Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679–5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);

3. National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190–8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); and Department of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190–8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)

Abstract

Abstract Lichens result from symbioses between a fungus and either a green alga or a cyanobacterium. They are known to exhibit extreme desiccation tolerance. We investigated the mechanism that makes photobionts biologically active under severe desiccation using green algal lichens (chlorolichens), cyanobacterial lichens (cyanolichens), a cephalodia-possessing lichen composed of green algal and cyanobacterial parts within the same thallus, a green algal photobiont, an aerial green alga, and a terrestrial cyanobacterium. The photosynthetic response to dehydration by the cyanolichen was almost the same as that of the terrestrial cyanobacterium but was more sensitive than that of the chlorolichen or the chlorobiont. Different responses to dehydration were closely related to cellular osmolarity; osmolarity was comparable between the cyanolichen and a cyanobacterium as well as between a chlorolichen and a green alga. In the cephalodium-possessing lichen, osmolarity and the effect of dehydration on cephalodia were similar to those exhibited by cyanolichens. The green algal part response was similar to those exhibited by chlorolichens. Through the analysis of cellular osmolarity, it was clearly shown that photobionts retain their original properties as free-living organisms even after lichenization.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Genetics,Physiology

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