1. Luke, C. E. , 1906, “The Pressure Drop through Poppet Valves,” Trans. ASME, 27, pp. 232–301.
2. Lewis, G. W., and Nutting, E. N., 1918, “Airflow through Poppet Valves,” NACA Report, No. 24.
3. Tanaka, K., 1929 “Airflow Through Suction Valve of Conical Seat,” Aeronautical Research Institute Report, Tokyo Imperial University, Part 1, pp. 262;
4. Part 2, p. 361.
5. Wood, G. B., Hunter, D. U., Taylor, E. S., and Taylor, C. F., 1942, “Air Flow through Intake Valves,” Trans. of SAE, 50, p. 212212.