A Constitutive Model of Water-Triggered Shape Memory Hydrogels and Its Finite Element Implementation

Author:

Xue Yiheng1,Zhou Zidi1,Lei Jincheng1,Liu Zishun1

Affiliation:

1. Xi’an Jiaotong University International Center for Applied Mechanics;, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, , No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049 , China

Abstract

AbstractShape memory hydrogel is a type of hydrogel whose shape can transform between a temporary shape and its initial shape when exposed to external stimuli, such as water, temperature, and pH. Over the last decade, shape memory hydrogels have gained increasing interest owing to their distinct properties; however, constitutive models to describe their shape memory mechanism are still lacking. In this paper, we propose a constitutive model for water-triggered shape memory hydrogels based on the transition between the sparse and dense phases. In the model, the shape memory process is identified using two internal variables: the frozen deformation gradient and dense phase volume fraction. To validate the model for describing shape memory effects, we implemented the model in the finite element method using a user-defined element (UEL) subroutine in ABAQUS. To verify the accuracy of the proposed UEL, we simulated the water-triggered shape memory effects in different recovery processes under different uniaxial loads. Furthermore, we investigated the water-triggered shape memory behavior of a self-bending bilayer structure and a four-arm gripper structure using both experiments and simulations. Good agreement was observed between the simulation and experimental results.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,Condensed Matter Physics

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