MODERN PROBLEMS OF BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE

Abstract

The article discusses the current state and prospects of biologization of agriculture related to nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agriculture and the determination of research opportunities in the field of agronomy, plant breeding and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Crop breeding increases nitrogen uptake and use of its soil forms, while breeding aimed at increasing the efficiency of BNF by legumes will increase the overall efficiency of the system. Similarly, the development of new N-fixing symbioses in non-legume crops may reduce the need for chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems, but is a much longer-term goal. Consequently, the biologization of agriculture should combine the use of a number of nature-like agricultural technologies with an increase in the efficiency of applied mineral fertilizers, primarily nitrogen. It is shown that the biologization of agriculture requires something more than technical solutions of biological problems to ensure the responsible use of nitrogen in the interests of food security and environmental protection. Ultimately, the problem comes from society, and the solution must include a social dimension.