1. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Telephone: +55 51 3308 3416; Telefax: +55 51 3308 3999; E-mail: lucas@ufrgs.br
2. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Telephone: +55 51 3308 3552; Telefax: +55 51 3308 3999; E-mail: consoli@ufrgs.br (corresponding author)
3. Professor, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, Telephone: +61 8 6488 4661; Telefax: +61 8 6488 1380; E-mail: andy.fourie@civil.uwa.edu.au