Iron ore tailings stabilization with alternative alkali-activated cement for dry stacking: mechanical and microstructural insights

Author:

Portela Farenzena Helena1,Bruschi Giovani Jordi1ORCID,Schmitt Medina Guilherme1,de Sousa Silva João Paulo2,Lotero Andres1ORCID,Consoli Nilo Cesar1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-190, Brazil

2. Expert Engineer, Exploration and Mineral Projects - Mineral Development Centre, VALE S.A., Santa Luzia, MG, 33040-900, Brazil

Abstract

Upstream tailings dams are high-risk structures that have experienced several failures worldwide, particularly with iron ore tailings (IOT). In this study, new disposal methods/techniques, such as cement-stabilized dry stacking, are discussed that provide enhanced mechanical behavior while reducing failure risks. Alkali-activated materials are used as cementing agents due to their mechanical and environmental advantages compared to ordinary Portland cement. This study evaluates the mechanical and microstructural behavior of IOT stabilized with an alkali-activated cement (AAC) composed of two by-products from the IOT beneficiation process, metakaolin and sodium silicate, tested under plane strain conditions. Simple shear tests and microstructural analysis were performed. Mixtures of IOT were produced with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% AAC to examine the influence of such variables on strength and deformability parameters under undrained conditions. The mixtures with 3% and 5% AAC showed the greatest impact on the strength; however, the addition of 1% AAC was able to reduce positive pore-pressure generation. Cementitious bounds were evidenced by forming a sodium aluminosilicate hydrate gel. The studied AAC was effective in stabilizing IOT, even at small contents.

Funder

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

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