Linearly Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Biological Materials

Author:

Gassner Callum1ORCID,Vongsvivut Jitraporn2ORCID,Ng Soon Hock3ORCID,Ryu Meguya4,Tobin Mark J.2,Juodkazis Saulius3,Morikawa Junko5,Wood Bayden R.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia

2. Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO–Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia

3. Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia

4. National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan

5. School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

The analysis of biological samples with polarized infrared spectroscopy (p-IR) has long been a widely practiced method for the determination of sample orientation and structural properties. In contrast to earlier works, which employed this method to investigate the fundamental chemistry of biological systems, recent interests are moving toward “real-world” applications for the evaluation and diagnosis of pathological states. This focal point review provides an up-to-date synopsis of the knowledge of biological materials garnered through linearly p-IR on biomolecules, cells, and tissues. An overview of the theory with special consideration to biological samples is provided. Different modalities which can be employed along with their capabilities and limitations are outlined. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion of factors regarding sample preparation, sample properties, and instrumentation, which can affect p-IR analysis is provided. Additionally, attention is drawn to the potential impacts of analysis of biological samples with inherently polarized light sources, such as synchrotron light and quantum cascade lasers. The vast applications of p-IR for the determination of the structure and orientation of biological samples are given. In conclusion, with considerations to emerging instrumentation, findings by other techniques, and the shift of focus toward clinical applications, we speculate on the future directions of this methodology.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Spectroscopy,Instrumentation

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