Confidence to Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Is Influenced by Quadriceps Strength Symmetry and Injury Mechanism

Abstract

Background: Although the restoration of quadriceps strength symmetry is a primary rehabilitation goal after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), little is known about the potential relationship between quadriceps strength symmetry and psychological readiness to return to play (RTP). Hypothesis: Quadriceps strength symmetry will be associated with psychological readiness to RTP after ACLR. Secondarily, injury mechanism will influence the association between quadriceps strength and psychological readiness to RTP. Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Level of Evidence: Level 3 (cohort study). Methods: A total of 78 female patients completed strength testing and the Injury–Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale at an outpatient clinical facility as part of return to sport testing after ACLR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the I-PRRS and the independent variables of interest (quadriceps strength symmetry and injury mechanism). Results: For all patients combined, a significant symmetry × mechanism interaction was found. When split by injury mechanism, a significant linear relationship was found between quadriceps strength symmetry and the I-PRRS score in patients who experienced a noncontact injury (n = 55; P = 0.01; R2 = 0.24). No such relationship was found for those who experienced a contact injury (n = 23; P = 0.97; R2 = 0.01). Conclusion: Greater quadriceps strength symmetry was associated with greater psychological readiness to RTP in female athletes after ACLR. This relationship, however, was present only in those who experienced a noncontact injury. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should consider both the physical and the psychological factors in assessing a patient’s readiness to RTP. This may be particularly important for those who have experienced an ACL tear through a noncontact mechanism.