The Influence of Strength and Sport Exposure on Psychological Readiness After ACL Reconstruction

Abstract

Background: Among young athletes returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the extent to which psychological readiness is influenced by factors beyond the psychological domain is largely unknown. Hypothesis: Young athletes with recent sport exposure and higher quadriceps strength will demonstrate higher psychological readiness within 8 weeks of medical clearance to return to sport (RTS) after ACLR. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 38 young athletes after primary ACLR completed testing within 8 weeks of medical clearance to RTS. All participants completed isometric knee extension strength testing, in addition to the ACL Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) questionnaire. Athletes who participated in sport between time of medical clearance to RTS and date of study enrollment were categorized as SPORT-YES. Those who had not yet participated in sports were categorized as SPORT-NO. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine differences in ACL-RSI scores based on quadriceps strength and sport exposure status, while adjusting for age and sex. Results: Of the 38 participants, 20 (52.6%) were categorized as SPORT-YES. The regression model estimating overall ACL-RSI score ( P < 0.01, adjusted R2 = 0.389) included significant independent contributions from age, sex, and sport exposure variables (age: P = 0.01, β [95% CI] = -2.01 [-3.54, -0.48]; sex (male): P = 0.02, β [95% CI] = 12.50 [2.36, 22.64]; strength: P = 0.51, β [95% CI] = -2.47 [-10.07,5.13]; sport exposure: P < 0.01, β [95% CI] = 12.89 [3.58, 22.19]). Conclusion: In partial accordance with our hypothesis, recent sport exposure was significantly associated with higher ACL-RSI scores among young athletes in the weeks after medical clearance to RTS after ACLR, while quadriceps strength was not. Clinical Relevance: Future prospective work is needed to determine the existence and direction of causal relationships between exposure to sport environment and psychological readiness among young athletes after ACLR.