Brain structure and function related to headache: Brainstem structure and function in headache

Author:

Vila-Pueyo Marta1ORCID,Hoffmann Jan2ORCID,Romero-Reyes Marcela3,Akerman Simon3

Affiliation:

1. Headache Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

2. Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3. Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA

Abstract

Objective To review and discuss the literature relevant to the role of brainstem structure and function in headache. Background Primary headache disorders, such as migraine and cluster headache, are considered disorders of the brain. As well as head-related pain, these headache disorders are also associated with other neurological symptoms, such as those related to sensory, homeostatic, autonomic, cognitive and affective processing that can all occur before, during or even after headache has ceased. Many imaging studies demonstrate activation in brainstem areas that appear specifically associated with headache disorders, especially migraine, which may be related to the mechanisms of many of these symptoms. This is further supported by preclinical studies, which demonstrate that modulation of specific brainstem nuclei alters sensory processing relevant to these symptoms, including headache, cranial autonomic responses and homeostatic mechanisms. Review focus This review will specifically focus on the role of brainstem structures relevant to primary headaches, including medullary, pontine, and midbrain, and describe their functional role and how they relate to mechanisms of primary headaches, especially migraine.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Clinical Neurology,General Medicine

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