The prognostic value of extracranial vascular characteristics on procedural duration and revascularization success in endovascularly treated acute ischemic stroke patients

Abstract

Introduction Vascular anatomy might affect endovascular treatment success in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. We investigated the prognostic value of extracranial vascular characteristics on procedural time and revascularization success in patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior cerebral circulation. Patients and methods We included 828 patients endovascularly treated within 6.5 hours of symptom onset from the Dutch MR CLEAN-Registry. We evaluated aortic arch configuration, stenosis and tortuosity of supra-aortic arteries, and internal carotid arteries (ICAs) on pre-intervention CTA. We constructed logistic prediction models for outcome variables procedural duration (≥60 minutes) and non-successful revascularization (extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) of 0–2A) using baseline characteristics and assessed the effect of extracranial vascular characteristics on model performance. Results Cervical ICA tortuosity and stenosis ≥99% improved prediction of long procedural duration compared with baseline characteristics from area under the curve of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.57–0.65) to 0.66 (95% CI: 0.62–0.70) ( P < 0.001). Cervical ICA tortuosity was significantly associated with non-successful recanalization. Prediction of non-successful revascularization did not improve after including aortic arch elongation, acute take-off angle, aortic variant, origin stenosis of supra-aortic arteries, and cervical ICA tortuosity, with an area under the curve of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.59–0.67) compared with 0.59 (95% CI: 0.55–0.63) ( P = 0.11). Conclusion Extracranial vascular characteristics have additional prognostic value for procedural duration, but not for revascularization success, compared with baseline characteristics. Performance of both prediction models is limited in patients treated for large vessel occlusion.