Rethinking the role of music in the neurodevelopment of autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Music has played a prominent role in the clinical and research literature on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in regard to diagnosis, therapy, and behavioral observations of exceptional artistic abilities in this population. Music as therapy for ASD has traditionally focused on social interaction, communication skills, and social-emotional behaviors. However, recently, there has been an increased research focus on the role of motor and attention functions as part of the hallmark features of ASD, which may have significant implications for the role of music as an intervention for individuals with autism. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical appraisal of new research developments for therapists and researchers to potentially reassess the role of music as intervention to support healthy neurodevelopment in individuals with ASD and expand the current clinical scope of practice in music therapy for autism. Our argument is based upon compelling research evidence indicating that motor and attention deficits are deeply implicated in the healthy neurodevelopment of socio-communication skills and may be key indicators of structural and functional brain dysfunction in ASD. In light of this evidence, we suggest that music-based developmental training for attention and motor control may receive a critical new functional role in the treatment of autism due to the significant effect of auditory-motor entrainment on motor and attention functions and brain connectivity.