Application of ground vibration testing in small manned or unmanned aircraft prototyping

Abstract

The article describes the vibration measurement technology used in experimental investigation of light aircraft and some series of exemplary results obtained during the prototyping process. The aim of investigations presented herein was to determine the resonant frequencies and natural modes of an aircraft or its selected structural components. Ground vibration testing is an essential dynamic structural test necessary to carry out before the aircraft certification. This test should be performed on the aircraft example which is predicted to be tested in flight. The measuring system used for ground vibration testing in the Institute of Aviation Technology of the Military University of Technology consists of a multi-channel LMS SCADAS analyzer, a set of piezoelectric accelerometers, two vibration exciters equipped with impedance heads and a computer with the Test.Lab Software. The aim of the article was to present the methodology of performing ground vibration testing tests. Having applied the equipment to measure an airplane or its airframe component, key vibration characteristics corresponding to specific resonant points can be determined. Not only completed aircraft can be tested but also its isolated fragments (wings, stabilizers, tail units) or just empty airframe. Testing separately supported components allows examining their aeroelastic properties at early stage of prototyping. Ground vibration testing technology applied in various stages of the prototyping process was demonstrated in four peculiar research cases. The testing examples presented herein were the following: the isolated strut-braced wing of a light reconnaissance airplane, the light drone imitating an aerial target for some on-ground anti-aircraft artillery sets, the empty airframe of a very light jet and the miniature UAV. Some exemplary results obtained from testing these objects were presented. At the end, some observations and conclusions were noted in the context of usefulness of conducted researches.