Machine Learning and Human Expertise in the Balance: Generative AI in Healthcare Settings

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence chatbots are undergoing a rapid surge in popularity and use adoption across various industries. Healthcare is one of the many industries undergoing shifts in knowledge acquisition and decision-making as medical professionals learn to interact with the technology and implement it in various aspects of their everyday practice. As a result, healthcare professionals and institutions need to understand the risks involved when generative AI is introduced into information-seeking and decision-making processes, as well as how individual differences among users shift the type of risk, as well as its potential for occurring. The present research presents a framework to guide understanding of risks and opportunities at the intersection of medical expertise, AI use-expertise, and generative AI-dependence. The framework will help researchers and healthcare professionals understand human-AI risk, drive the technology towards practical implementations, and design generative AI systems which are transparent and flexible.