The future landscape of large language models in medicine

Author:

Clusmann JanORCID,Kolbinger Fiona R.ORCID,Muti Hannah Sophie,Carrero Zunamys I.ORCID,Eckardt Jan-Niklas,Laleh Narmin Ghaffari,Löffler Chiara Maria Lavinia,Schwarzkopf Sophie-Caroline,Unger MichaelaORCID,Veldhuizen Gregory P.,Wagner Sophia J.,Kather Jakob Nikolas

Abstract

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence (AI) tools specifically trained to process and generate text. LLMs attracted substantial public attention after OpenAI’s ChatGPT was made publicly available in November 2022. LLMs can often answer questions, summarize, paraphrase and translate text on a level that is nearly indistinguishable from human capabilities. The possibility to actively interact with models like ChatGPT makes LLMs attractive tools in various fields, including medicine. While these models have the potential to democratize medical knowledge and facilitate access to healthcare, they could equally distribute misinformation and exacerbate scientific misconduct due to a lack of accountability and transparency. In this article, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the potentials and limitations of LLMs in clinical practice, medical research and medical education.

Funder

European Union’s Horizon Europe and innovation programme

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Medicine

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