Zinc Supplementation and Fortification in Mexican Children

Abstract

Background: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health. Approximately 1.4% of deaths worldwide are related to zinc deficiency. In Mexico, 33% of children younger than 5 years are zinc deficient. Objective: To give an overview of zinc supplementation and fortification in children younger than 5 years through the analysis of current regulations in Mexico, the availability of these products, and the opinion of Mexican experts in this field. Methods: We gave an overview of zinc supplementation and fortification strategies in the Mexican pediatric population by conducting a literature review of Mexican studies and national standards concerning zinc supplementation and fortification. Semistructured interviews were conducted with personnel from the main producers of zinc supplements and fortified products and from social assistance programs in Mexico. Results: Zinc supplementation in Mexico has been associated with reduction in the duration and incidence of diarrhea. Through interviews with experts, we identified several barriers in achieving adequate zinc consumption such as problems in social assistance programs that distribute zinc-fortified foods, lack of specific dietary recommendations regarding the intake of zinc, lack of regulation of nonpatented zinc supplements, and inconsistencies in public health actions due to political and administrative changes. Conclusion: Despite current regulation and efforts made by social assistance programs, zinc deficiency continues to be a prevalent public health issue. Mexico requires an in-depth analysis of existing barriers and alternatives in order to reduce zinc deficiency.