Did Descriptive and Prescriptive Norms About Gender Equality at Home Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-National Investigation

Author:

Saxler Franziska Magdalena1ORCID,Dorrough Angela R.2ORCID,Froehlich Laura3,Block Katharina4,Croft Alyssa5,Meeussen Loes6,Olsson Maria7,Schmader Toni8,Schuster Carolin9,van Grootel Sanne6,Van Laar Colette6,Atkinson Ciara5ORCID,Benson-Greenwald Tessa10,Birneanu Andreea11,Cavojova Vladimira12,Cheryan Sapna13ORCID,Lee Kai Chung Albert14ORCID,Danyliuk Ivan15ORCID,Dar-Nimrod Ilan16,de Lemus Soledad17,Diekman Amanda10,Eisner Léïla18,Estevan-Reina Lucía17,Fedáková Denisa12,Gavreliuc Alin11ORCID,Gavreliuc Dana11,Germano Adriana18ORCID,Hässler Tabea19,Henningsen Levke19,Ishii Keiko20ORCID,Kundtová Klocová Eva21ORCID,Kozytska Inna15,Kulich Clara22,Lapytskaia Aidy Christina23,López López Wilson24,Morandini James16,Ramis TamilSelvan25,Scheifele Carolin62627,Steele Jennifer23,Steffens Melanie C.27,Velásquez Díaz Laura María24,Venegas Mar17,Martiny Sarah E.28ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Bern, Switzerland

2. University of Cologne, Germany

3. FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany

4. University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

5. The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA

6. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

7. Inland Norway University of Applied Science, Innlandet, Norway

8. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

9. Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany

10. Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA

11. West University of Timisoara, Romania

12. Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia

13. University of Washington, Seattle, USA

14. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

15. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine

16. The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

17. University of Granada, Spain

18. Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

19. University of Zurich, Switzerland

20. Nagoya University, Japan

21. Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

22. University of Geneva, Switzerland

23. York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

24. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia

25. Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

26. Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium

27. University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany

28. UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Abstract

Using data from 15 countries, this article investigates whether descriptive and prescriptive gender norms concerning housework and child care (domestic work) changed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a total of 8,343 participants ( M = 19.95, SD = 1.68) from two comparable student samples suggest that descriptive norms about unpaid domestic work have been affected by the pandemic, with individuals seeing mothers’ relative to fathers’ share of housework and child care as even larger. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of the pandemic on descriptive norms about child care decreased with countries’ increasing levels of gender equality; countries with stronger gender inequality showed a larger difference between pre- and post-pandemic. This study documents a shift in descriptive norms and discusses implications for gender equality—emphasizing the importance of addressing the additional challenges that mothers face during health-related crises.

Funder

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Social Psychology

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