An Operationalization and Validation of the Maslow Need Hierarchy

Abstract

The article presents the development of an instrument to assess need satisfaction among lower socio-economic populations. The four most basic levels of the Maslow need hierarchy were considered—physiological, physical safety and security, affection, and self-esteem. Each level was represented by a subscale. Pilot testing and revision of initially-constructed items was performed. Finally, 200 delinquent adolescents were administered the Need Satisfaction Schedule (NSS). Stability was demonstrated for each subscale and the total schedule ( p < .041). Internal consistency was relatively higher for the upper levels of the hierarchy and for the total NSS. Convergent validity of the subscales was established ( p < .005). Nomological validity was established by the use of a correlation matrix approach. Utilization of the NSS among lower socio-economic was discussed.