Neighborhood Structural Inequality, Collective Efficacy, and Sexual Risk Behavior among Urban Youth

Author:

Browning Christopher R.1,Burrington Lori A.2,Leventhal Tama3,Brooks-Gunn Jeanne4

Affiliation:

1. Christopher R. Browning is Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at The Ohio State University. His current research interests include the causes and consequences of community social organization; the neighborhood context of crime, risk behavior, and health; the long-term effects of maltreatment during childhood; and multilevel statistical models. He is the Principal Investigator on a 4-year grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to investigate the influence...

2. Lori Burrington is Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Crime, Law, and Justice at The Pennsylvania State University. Her research interests focus on spatial determinants of adolescent delinquency and problem behavior. Her current research examines how individual status characteristics condition the effects of neighborhood social processes, such as collective efficacy, on adolescent problem behavior.

3. Tama Leventhal is Assistant Professor, Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Development and Neubauer Faculty Fellow, Tufts University. A majority of her research focuses on how neighborhood contexts affect children, youth, and families. She is currently a William T. Grant Scholar.

4. Jeanne Brooks-Gunn is the Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development and Education and Co-Director of the National Center for Children and Families at Teacher's College, Columbia University. She is also Professor of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University. Her research focuses on parental contributions to cognitive development and the impact of poverty on child outcomes. She is a Scientific Director of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods.

Abstract

We draw on collective efficacy theory to extend a contextual model of early adolescent sexual behavior. Specifically, we hypothesize that neighborhood structural disadvantage—as measured by levels of concentrated poverty, residential instability, and aspects of immigrant concentration—and diminished collective efficacy have consequences for the prevalence of early adolescent multiple sexual partnering. Findings from random effects multinomial logistic regression models of the number of sexual partners among a sample of youth, age 11 to 16, from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (N = 768) reveal evidence of neighborhood effects on adolescent higher-risk sexual activity. Collective efficacy is negatively associated with having two or more sexual partners versus one (but not zero versus one) sexual partner. The effect of collective efficacy is dependent upon age: The regulatory effect of collective efficacy increases for older adolescents.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Social Psychology

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