Association of DRD2, 5-HTTLPR, and 5-HTTVNTR Gene Polymorphisms With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Tibetan Adolescents: A Case–Control Study

Abstract

Background: Earthquake exposure is a source of stress, yet only a minority of survivors experience clinically meaningful disturbance in psychological function. Genetic epidemiological research has found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with genetic factors. Further research to reveal which genetic loci relate to the development of PTSD is warranted. Method: We investigated the relationships between PTSD and the dopamine D2 receptor ( DRD2) gene Taq I polymorphism and the serotonin transporter gene ( SCL6A4) polymorphisms 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and 5-HTTVNTR in 565 adolescent earthquake survivors. PTSD-positive adolescents were identified using the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4. Genotypes were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The Pearson χ2 test was used to investigate the differences in genotype and allele frequencies between case and control groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible influencing factors for PTSD. Results: The DRD2 Taq I and 5-HTTVNTR polymorphisms had statistically significant effects on PTSD, while 5-HTTLPR did not. Specifically, the DRD2 Taq I A1 allele was highly positively correlated with PTSD, whereas the 10 allele of 5-HTTVNTR was negatively correlated. Conclusions: These data suggest that the DRD2 Taq I and 5-HTTVNTR genotypes moderate sensitivity to stress and the expression of emotional disturbance involving PTSD symptoms. These findings have important implications for PTSD etiology as well as for both primary prevention and treatment strategies.