Complement and non-complement activating functions of C1q: A prototypical innate immune molecule

Author:

Nayak Annapurna12,Pednekar Lina13,Reid Kenneth BM4,Kishore Uday1

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, London, UK

2. Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute for Advanced Studies, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

3. Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

4. Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Abstract

C1q is a versatile innate immune molecule that serves as the initiation subcomponent of the classical complement pathway. In addition, it is also a potent pattern recognition molecule, the versatility of which has fuelled its functional flexibility. C1q recognises an array of self, non-self and altered-self ligands. The broad-spectrum ligand-binding potential of C1q is facilitated by the modular organisation of the heterotrimeric globular head region, its ability to change its conformation in a very subtle way, and the manner in which this ancient molecule appears to have evolved to deal with the different types of ligands. Over recent years, molecules that resemble C1q have been put together to form the C1q family. In this review, we briefly summarise complement-dependent and complement-independent functions of C1q, its cognate receptors and key members of the rapidly growing C1q family.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Cell Biology,Molecular Biology,Immunology,Microbiology

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