1. Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA
2. Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
3. Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA, USA
4. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
5. Co-first author
6. Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
7. National Center for Ethics in Health Care, Veterans Health Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
8. University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Bioethics and Humanities, Seattle, WA, USA
9. National Center for Ethics in Health Care, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA
10. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
11. Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value Driven Care, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
12. University of Colorado School of Medicine at the Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
13. Division of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
14. Hospice and Palliative Care Program, VHA Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA, USA
15. VA New England Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Bedford, MA, USA
16. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA