Expectancy in Sami Yoiks revisited: The role of data-driven and schema-driven knowledge in the formation of melodic expectations

Author:

Eerola Tuomas1,Louhivuori Jukka1,Lebaka Edward2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Finland

2. Department of Music, Pretoria University, South Africa

Abstract

This study extends a previous study concerning melodic expectations in North Sami yoiks (Krumhansl et al., 2000) in which a comparison between expert and non-expert listeners demonstrated the existence of a core set of principles governing melodic expectancies. The previous findings are reconsidered using non-Western listeners (traditional healers from South Africa) in a modeling investigation. Comparison of different models made it possible to separate the role of data-driven and schema-driven models in melodic expectancies and to reveal any possible Western bias in previous studies. The results of the experiment, in which African listeners rated the fitness of probe-tones as continuations of North Sami yoik excerpts, indicated that data-driven models are adequate in explaining the expectancies, regardless of the cultural background of the listeners. The frequency-based models exerted more influence on listeners unfamiliar with the yoik style, the Western schematic model had most impact on Western listeners, and the style-specific models carried most predictive power for those listeners who possessed knowledge about yoiks.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Music,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

Reference80 articles.

1. Aarden B. (2002). Expectancy vs. retrospective perception: Reconsidering the effects of schema and continuation judgments on measures of melodic expectancy. In Stevens C., Burnham D., McPherson G., Schubert E., Renwick J. (eds), Proceedings of the 7th international conference on music perception and cognition (pp. 469–72). Adelaide: Causal Productions.

2. Computation of Conditional Probability Statistics by 8-Month-Old Infants

3. A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Perception of Emotion in Music: Psychophysical and Cultural Cues

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