Beppu Bay, Japan, as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for an Anthropocene series

Author:

Kuwae Michinobu1ORCID,Finney Bruce P2,Shi Zhiyuan3,Sakaguchi Aya3,Tsugeki Narumi4,Omori Takayuki5,Agusa Tetsuro6,Suzuki Yoshiaki7,Yokoyama Yusuke5,Hinata Hirofumi1,Hatada Yoshio1,Inoue Jun8,Matsuoka Kazumi9,Shimada Misaki10,Takahara Hikaru10,Takahashi Shin1,Ueno Daisuke11,Amano Atsuko7,Tsutsumi Jun3,Yamamoto Masanobu12,Takemura Keiji13,Yamada Keitaro14,Ikehara Ken7,Haraguchi Tsuyoshi15,Tims Stephen16,Froehlich Michaela16,Fifield Leslie Keith16,Aze Takahiro5,Sasa Kimikazu3,Takahashi Tsutomu3,Matsumura Masumi3,Tani Yukinori17,Leavitt Peter R18,Doi Hideyuki19,Irino Tomohisa12,Moriya Kazuyoshi20,Hayashida Akira21ORCID,Hirose Kotaro19,Suzuki Hidekazu22ORCID,Saito Yoshiki23ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Ehime University, Japan

2. Idaho State University, USA

3. University of Tsukuba, Japan

4. Matsuyama University, Japan

5. The University of Tokyo, Japan

6. Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Japan

7. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan

8. Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan

9. Nagasaki University, Japan

10. Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan

11. Saga University, Japan

12. Hokkaido University, Japan

13. Kyoto University, Japan

14. Ritsumeikan University, Japan

15. Osaka City University, Japan

16. The Australian National University, Australia

17. University of Shizuoka, Japan

18. University of Regina, Canada

19. University of Hyogo, Japan

20. Waseda University, Japan

21. Doshisha University, Japan

22. Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan

23. Shimane University, Japan

Abstract

For assessment of the potential of the Beppu Bay sediments as a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidate for the Anthropocene, we have integrated datasets of 99 proxies. The datasets for the sequences date back 100 years for most proxy records and 1300 years for several records. The cumulative number of occurrences of the anthropogenic fingerprint reveal unprecedented increases above the base of the 1953 flood layer at 64.6 cm (1953 CE), which coincides with an initial increase in global fallout of 239Pu+240Pu. The onset of the proliferation of anthropogenic fingerprints was followed by diverse human-associated events, including a rapid increase in percent modern 14C in anchovy scales, changes in nitrogen and carbon cycling as recorded by anchovy δ15N and δ13C, elevated pollution of heavy metals, increased depositions of novel materials (spheroidal carbonaceous particles, microplastics, polychlorinated biphenyls), the occurrence of hypoxia (Re/Mo ratio) and eutrophication (biogenic opal, TOC, TN, diatoms, chlorophyll a), unprecedented microplankton community changes (compositions of carotenoids, diatoms, dinoflagellates), abnormally high spring air temperatures as inferred from diatom fossils, and lithological changes. These lines of evidence indicate that the base of the 1953 layer is the best GSSP level candidate in the stratigraphy at this site.

Funder

Leading Academia in Marine and Environment Pollution Research in CMES, Ehime University

Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan

Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Environment Fund

Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

The cooperative research program of the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Geology,Ecology,Global and Planetary Change

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