The utility of phonocardiograms in real-time remote cardiac auscultation using an internet-connected electronic stethoscope: Open-label randomized controlled pilot trial

Abstract

Background We have shown classical cardiac auscultation was superior to remote auscultation. We developed a phonocardiogram system to visualize sounds in remote auscultation. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phonocardiograms on the diagnostic accuracy in remote auscultation using a cardiology patient simulator. Methods In this open-label randomized controlled pilot trial, we randomly assigned physicians to the real-time remote auscultation group (control group) or the real-time remote auscultation with the phonocardiogram group (intervention group). Participants attended a training session in which they auscultated 15 sounds with the correct classification. After that, participants attended a test session where they had to classify 10 sounds. The control group auscultated the sounds remotely using an electronic stethoscope, an online medical program and a 4-K TV speaker without watching the TV screen. The intervention group performed auscultation like the control group but watched the phonocardiogram on the TV screen. The primary and secondary outcomes were the total test scores and each sound score, respectively. Results A total of 24 participants were included. The total test score in the intervention group (80/120, 66.7%) was higher than that in the control group (66/120, 55.0%), although the difference was statistically insignificant ( P = .06). The correct answer rates of each sound were not different. Valvular/irregular rhythm sounds were not misclassified as normal sounds in the intervention group. Conclusions Using a phonocardiogram improved the total correct answer rate by more than 10% in remote auscultation, although statistically insignificant. The phonocardiogram could help physicians screen valvular/irregular rhythm sounds from normal sounds. Trial registration UMIN-CTR UMIN000045271; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051710