Beneficial Effects on Cosmetic Activity by Optimizing the Calamondin Orange Extraction Process

Abstract

This study expands the usage of Citrus madurensis ( Citrofortunella microcarpa), which is a good source of skin whitening and antioxidants activation in cosmetics. The goal of this study is to provide cosmeceutical activity data about the extraction yield and total polyphenol of calamondin orange by optimizing the focused high ultrasound (INEFU), ultrasound extraction (UE), and water extraction (WE) conditions. Under optimal extraction conditions, which consisted of 1800 W for 45 minutes (INEFU) and 500 W for 45 minutes (UE), 21.55% (w/w) and 13.27% (w/w) of the highest extractions yield and total polyphenol content was obtained. For the skin whitening activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed at 69.28% in the INEFU extracts, which was 69.24% higher than that of the UE extracts (58.82%). To reduce melanin production in Clone M-3 cells, 86.9% melanin production was observed following the addition of control, WE relative to the control without a sample, and 81.2% and 78.9% were found in the UE and INEFU conditions, respectively. The highest total phenol secretion was conclusively obtained under the optimal conditions and resulted in a significant improvement of the cosmetic activities of C. madurensis ( C. microcarpa)-based cosmeceutical ingredient.