Management of Diabetic Bacterial Foot Infections with Organic Extracts of Liverwort Marchantia debilis from Cameroon

Author:

Yongabi Kenneth Anchang1,Novaković Miroslav2,Bukvički Danka3,Reeb Catherine4,Asakawa Yoshinori5

Affiliation:

1. Tropical Infectious Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Group (TIDPHERG), Phytobiotechnology Research Foundation Institute, Catholic University of Cameroon, P.O. Box 921, Bamenda, Cameroon

2. Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia

3. Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia

4. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France

5. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan

Abstract

Diabetic bacterial foot infections (DBFIs) are limb-threatening complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, accounting for 50% of diabetes related lower limb amputations in developing countries, representing approximately 20 percent of all diabetes-related hospital admissions with significant healthcare-related costs involved. The widespread problem of bacterial resistance to most commonly used antibiotics places a huge economic burden on the healthcare system, with both increased morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients with foot infections. In this study, the antibacterial activity of organic extracts of the fresh liverwort Marchantia debilis from the North West Region of Cameroon is reported. An exit pool system, where patients presenting with DBFIs consented to be involved in the use of phytomedicines, after long term treatment of ulcers with antibiotics and not yielding significant long term benefit, presented themselves at the Phytobiotechnology Research clinic (PRF). Continuous culture of swabs from foot and toe wounds from 30 infected patients on nutrient agar and MacConkey agars in triplicate as well as Gram stain microscopy, revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus species. Light petroleum and methanol extracts of the whole bryophyte plants at 100% concentration were tested. In vitro inhibition of the tested bacterial isolates from the diabetic foot ulcers by M. debilis was observed only with the light petroleum extract. No inhibition by the extracts was observed for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate. The light petroleum extract of M. debilis was formulated into a petroleum oil based cream named BryoCreamTM. This was administered to 20 of the patients with 90% cure rate in a three week time period. The main nonpolar components were determined by GCMS as lepidozene and β-barbatene, and by NMR as stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. In conclusion, nonpolar extracts from bryophytes from Cameroon could, potentially, be used to treat diabetic bacterial foot infections.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Complementary and alternative medicine,Plant Science,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,General Medicine

Reference36 articles.

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