Chemical Characterization and Biological Properties of Royal Jelly Samples From the Mediterranean Area

Author:

El-Guendouz Soukaïna1,Machado Alexandra M.2,Aazza Smail3,Lyoussi Badiaâ1,Miguel Maria G.4,Mateus Maria C.5,Figueiredo A. Cristina2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, Morocco

2. Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar Lisboa (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (CBV), DBV, C2, Campo Grande, Portugal

3. Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ANPMA), Taounate, Morocco

4. Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Farmácia, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal

5. Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal

Abstract

Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product that has high nutritional value and is beneficial for the human health, earning importance as a functional food. Thus, the characterization of its main biological properties is with high importance. In this work, 6 RJ samples obtained in Morocco, Portugal, and Spain were evaluated in terms of total phenol and flavone/flavonol contents; total protein; 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA); volatiles composition; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; and inhibition of tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase (XO), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Total phenolic content ranged from 3 to 9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g RJ, and flavone/flavonol content from 0.1 to 0.5 mg quercetin equivalent/g RJ. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content varied from 0.9% to 1.2% and total protein from 5.5% to 29.7%. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed RJ volatiles dominated by linolenic acid, 2-decenoic acid, and octanoic acid in variable amounts. The antioxidant activity was monitored through nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging capacity, where the IC50 ranged from 2.3 to 3.4 and 0.2 to 1.5 mg/mL, respectively. Anti-AChE activity IC50 ranged from 0.7 to 4.6 mg/mL, while XO inhibition IC50 ranged from 3.3 to 11.9 mg/mL. The results showed that phenols and flavonoids highly contributed to the RJ biological properties in contrast to 10-HDA and proteins.

Funder

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Complementary and alternative medicine,Plant Science,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,General Medicine

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