Classroom Reinforcement Systems: Using Token Economies to Foster Independence

Abstract

Token economies are a helpful, research-based tool for behavior intervention. However, the design and implementation process can be overwhelming. To address common challenges with token economy implementation, we describe the basic behavioral science behind a token economy, how to implement a token economy effectively, and how to avoid pitfalls along the way. We also provide advice on how to generalize token economies across settings and fade token economies, fostering a student’s intrinsic motivation and making reinforcement more naturalistic.