Forefoot Loading during 3 Athletic Tasks

Abstract

Background Due to the popularity of soccer and the high incidence of injury among soccer players, it is valuable to know the effects of tasks like side cuts, crossover cuts, and forward acceleration on the foot. Purpose To determine the differences in forefoot loading during three different athletic tasks. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Thirty-six subjects (17 women and 19 men) were tested. Subjects ran a slalom-style agility course 5 times while plantar pressure data was collected at 100 Hz. Plantar pressure was recorded under both feet; however, a right-foot contact was used in the analysis of the side-cut task, a left-foot plant was used in the analysis of the crossover cut, and an average of the 3 steps of acceleration were used in the analysis. The peak pressure, contact area, and contact time for the entire foot were compared between the 3 tasks. The force and the force-time integral were obtained during 5 trials for each of the 3 tasks. The foot was divided into 8 masked regions, which were used to determine the loading patterns specifically in the forefoot. Each variable was analyzed using a 1 × 3 analysis of variance to determine differences between the three movement tasks in the forefoot region (a = .05). Results Significant differences in peak pressure, contact area, and contact time existed between the movement tasks when examining the entire foot. In addition, significant differences in the force-time integral and peak pressure in the forefoot existed between the movement tasks. The force-time integral was highest during the side cut in the medial forefoot, hallux, and the lesser toes, while the force-time integral was highest during the crossover cut in the middle forefoot and the lateral forefoot. Similarly, the peak pressure was highest during the side cut in the medial forefoot, hallux, and the lesser toes, while peak pressure was highest in the middle forefoot during the acceleration task and highest in the lateral forefoot during the crossover-cutting task. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that the crossover cut places an increased load on the lateral portion of the forefoot, while the side-cut task places an increased load on the medial portion of the forefoot and the acceleration task places increased load on the middle forefoot. Clinical Relevance The differences in loading patterns based on athletic task are important for understanding potential injury mechanisms. In addition, this information could be important for defining a return to play protocol for athletes who have had specific injuries.