Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in patients with colorectal and gastric cancers: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Abstract

Purpose Neuropathy is one of the most prevalent and dose-limiting side effects of platinum chemotherapeutic agents. N-acetylcysteine is an antioxidant thiol which is able to increase whole blood concentration of glutathione, which may be protective against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine on neurotoxicity induced by oxaliplatin in patients with gastric or colorectal cancers. Methods During this randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, the preventive effect of N-acetylcysteine effervescent tablets was assessed in comparison with placebo, on neuropathy occurrence. Thirty-two patients with colorectal or gastric cancer randomly received N-acetylcysteine (two 600 mg tablets) or placebo tablets 1 h before receiving oxaliplatin in dose in XELOX (oxaliplatin and capecitabine regimen) for eight courses of chemotherapy. Neuropathy severity was assessed after eight courses of chemotherapy based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology for Adverse Events (NCI‐CTCAE) criteria neuropathy grading scale and also sensory and motor electrophysiological assessment was performed by a neurologist. Results The NCI-CTCAE scale grade of patients in intervention group was significantly lower than placebo group after eight course of oxaliplatin ( P = 0.01); however, the sensory electrophysiological assessment result was not significantly different ( P = 0.501). No patient in both group had motor electrophysiological changes. Conclusion The results of this study showed that N-acetylcysteine could reduce the incidence of the neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin and delay its occurrence in patients with gastric or colorectal cancers.